Infertility with a broad etiological background has only been treated, but not prevented. With the exception of ovulation induction, the success rate of pregnancy in most cases has been rather dismal in view of the high socioeconomic burden. A questionnaire survey of the cost of infertility investigation and treatment has been undertaken, and it has been estimated that the cost of infertility due to the sequelae of sexually transmitted diseases ranges in the vicinity of $64 billion, which is to be compared with the prevention cost of $335,000. Recommendations on preventative aspects are discussed.